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KMID : 1101720180220020031
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Physical Activity and Nutrition
2018 Volume.22 No. 2 p.31 ~ p.35
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Smallanthus sonchifolius leaf attenuates neuroinflammation
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Baek Su-Ji
Choi Nan-Hee
Lee Kang-Pa
Jhun Hyun-Jhung
Kim Ji-Su
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Abstract
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Purpose: Yacon, Smallanthus sonchifolius, has anti-hypertensive, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer potential. However, its neuroprotective and anti-neuroinflammatory effects are unknown. Moreover, activation of microglia has been considered a mechanism in the development of Alzheimer’s disease. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the neuroprotective effects of an ethanolic yacon leaf extract (YLE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation in vitro and in vivo.
Methods: The viability of microglial BV2 cells was tested with 2,3-bis[2-methyloxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolim-5-carboxanilide. The production of nitric oxide (NO) was determined by the Griess reagent. mRNA expression and protein levels of inflammatory mediators were evaluated by the real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, respectively. In addition, we performed histological analysis in mice treated with an intraperitoneal injection of LPS (250 μg/kg).
Results: Our results showed that treatment with YLE significantly reduced NO production in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. YLE also decreased mRNA levels of the inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor alpha, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and interleukin-1 beta. In vivo, YLE (40 mg/kg daily for seven days) significantly diminished LPS-induced tissue damage in the dentate gyrus and cornu amonis regions of the hippocampus by regulating the levels of inflammatory factors.
Conclusion: Our findings support the protective effects of YLE against the development of neurodegeneration.
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KEYWORD
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Alzheimer’s disease, anti-inflammation, lipopolysaccharide, microglia, yacon leaf extract
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